4 research outputs found
Detection of Unknown-Unknowns in Cyber-Physical Systems using Statistical Conformance with Physics Guided Process Models
Unknown unknowns are operational scenarios in a cyber-physical system that
are not accounted for in the design and test phase. As such under
unknown-unknown scenarios, the operational behavior of the CPS is not
guaranteed to meet requirements such as safety and efficacy specified using
Signal Temporal Logic (STL) on the output trajectories. We propose a novel
framework for analyzing the stochastic conformance of operational output
characteristics of safety-critical cyber-physical systems that can discover
unknown-unknown scenarios and evaluate potential safety hazards. We propose
dynamics-induced hybrid recurrent neural networks (DiH-RNN) to mine a
physics-guided surrogate model (PGSM) which is used to check the model
conformance using STL on the model coefficients. We demonstrate the detection
of operational changes in an Artificial Pancreas(AP) due to unknown insulin
cartridge errors
High Fidelity Fast Simulation of Human in the Loop Human in the Plant (HIL-HIP) Systems
Non-linearities in simulation arise from the time variance in wireless mobile
networks when integrated with human in the loop, human in the plant (HIL-HIP)
physical systems under dynamic contexts, leading to simulation slowdown. Time
variance is handled by deriving a series of piece wise linear time invariant
simulations (PLIS) in intervals, which are then concatenated in time domain. In
this paper, we conduct a formal analysis of the impact of discretizing
time-varying components in wireless network-controlled HIL-HIP systems on
simulation accuracy and speedup, and evaluate trade-offs with reliable
guarantees. We develop an accurate simulation framework for an artificial
pancreas wireless network system that controls blood glucose in Type 1 Diabetes
patients with time varying properties such as physiological changes associated
with psychological stress and meal patterns. PLIS approach achieves accurate
simulation with greater than 2.1 times speedup than a non-linear system
simulation for the given dataset.Comment: To appear in ACM MSWIM 202
EdGCon: Auto-assigner of Iconicity Ratings Grounded by Lexical Properties to Aid in Generation of Technical Gestures
Gestures that share similarities in their forms and are related in their
meanings, should be easier for learners to recognize and incorporate into their
existing lexicon. In that regard, to be more readily accepted as standard by
the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community, technical gestures in American Sign
Language (ASL) will optimally share similar in forms with their lexical
neighbors. We utilize a lexical database of ASL, ASL-LEX, to identify lexical
relations within a set of technical gestures. We use automated identification
for 3 unique sub-lexical properties in ASL- location, handshape and movement.
EdGCon assigned an iconicity rating based on the lexical property similarities
of the new gesture with an existing set of technical gestures and the
relatedness of the meaning of the new technical word to that of the existing
set of technical words. We collected 30 ad hoc crowdsourced technical gestures
from different internet websites and tested them against 31 gestures from the
DeafTEC technical corpus. We found that EdGCon was able to correctly
auto-assign the iconicity ratings 80.76% of the time.Comment: Accepted for publication in ACM SAC 202
Power Consumption Analysis, Measurement, Management, and Issues:A State-of-the-Art Review of Smartphone Battery and Energy Usage
The advancement and popularity of smartphones have made it an essential and all-purpose device. But lack of advancement in battery technology has held back its optimum potential. Therefore, considering its scarcity, optimal use and efficient management of energy are crucial in a smartphone. For that, a fair understanding of a smartphone's energy consumption factors is necessary for both users and device manufacturers, along with other stakeholders in the smartphone ecosystem. It is important to assess how much of the device's energy is consumed by which components and under what circumstances. This paper provides a generalized, but detailed analysis of the power consumption causes (internal and external) of a smartphone and also offers suggestive measures to minimize the consumption for each factor. The main contribution of this paper is four comprehensive literature reviews on: 1) smartphone's power consumption assessment and estimation (including power consumption analysis and modelling); 2) power consumption management for smartphones (including energy-saving methods and techniques); 3) state-of-the-art of the research and commercial developments of smartphone batteries (including alternative power sources); and 4) mitigating the hazardous issues of smartphones' batteries (with a details explanation of the issues). The research works are further subcategorized based on different research and solution approaches. A good number of recent empirical research works are considered for this comprehensive review, and each of them is succinctly analysed and discussed